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While teens smoking cigarettes has been declining since the 1990s, vaping — or using e-cigarettes — is on the rise. reports more than one-third of 12th graders vape. Is vaping safer than smoking cigarettes? No. A reports DNA damage caused by vaping is just as bad as smoking. Additionally, Ohio State cardiologist Dr. Jim Liu writes that . When teens vape, they inhale multiple dangerous substances, like formaldehyde and acrolein (a weed-killer), which are a 鈥渞isk to the lungs,鈥� writes Johns Hopkins lung cancer surgeon Stephen Broderick in his article 鈥溾�� If your teen says they don鈥檛 vape, but you suspect otherwise, they might be , by which teens emit less smoke by using with a low-powered device or stealth vape mode. Perhaps they鈥檙e not exhaling at all, called , which is regarded as 鈥渢he ultimate in clandestine vaping鈥�. The final takeaway? Tell your teen, repeatedly, that vaping is not safe.

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Edibles — treats containing marijuana — are widely available in the where recreational marijuana is legally sold. Teen consumption is on the rise, according to a by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Eating marijuana-laced cookies, brownies, and gummy bears might seem more benign than smoking marijuana, but it actually carries a higher risk of overdose. It takes longer to feel the effects of edibles, which can lead impatient teens to eat more and more because they don鈥檛 feel high right away. The dangerous result can be a toxic overdose with psychotic symptoms and/or accidental injuries. In some states, where edibles can be purchased legally, it can be a bit easier and more reliable to monitor the dosage. But when another teen is baking edibles, your teen cannot be sure the baker did the math correctly. Talk to your teen about the dangers of edibles — and strongly advise them to steer clear of marijuana altogether. Studies indicate that , decreasing IQ by 5.8 points before they reach adulthood. Cannabis can also trigger .

Insufficient sleep鈥�

Teenagers are not getting enough sleep. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that , with the rates highest among female, Asian, and Black students. The consequences are disturbing. in Sweden reports that teenagers who sleep less than seven hours each night have a 40 to 50 percent greater chance of developing multiple sclerosis. is also linked to increased risk of , injuries, drowsy driving accidents, inability to self-regulate, substance abuse, , and mood disorders like depression, with severe sleep debt possibly triggering suicidal ideation. and poorer grades in school. How can parents help their teens consistently get enough sleep? The first step is separating them from their smart phones at night. A 2017 study published in the Journal of Youth Studies found . Another concludes that sleep deprivation is linked to depression, poor coping skills, and reduced self-esteem in teens. Give your teenagers a 鈥渄igital curfew鈥� 鈥� a designated time when all devices are placed out of reach 鈥� and work with your child to build a daily schedule that includes 8 hours of sleep every night.

Online porn

Today鈥檚 teens are exposed to online porn at earlier ages and in greater numbers than previous generations. by age 17 鈥� and that the average first age of exposure is 12. in her research, Professor Emily Rothman of Boston University School of Public Health found that as their parents thought. Most of the kids in Rothman鈥檚 study said watching porn was how they learned about sex. Dr. Wes Crenshaw, a Kansas City-based clinical psychologist who specializes in adolescent development and who is writing a book about sex education that鈥檚 based on mutual consent, says teens looking at porn are 鈥渉igh-interest learners.鈥� The problem, he says, is pornography tends to portray sex in a way that鈥檚 鈥渕asculocentric, degrading to women and wildly inaccurate and unrealistic.鈥� The result can be teens with skewed ideas about sex, intimacy, consent, reciprocity, gender roles, and power. 鈥淭hese images,鈥� Crenshaw says, 鈥渄istort for [teens] what sex should be about.鈥� The best way for parents to help? Talk to your teen and encourage them to think critically about what they see and how that relates (or doesn鈥檛 relate) to reality. In addition, of Hartford Healthcare鈥檚 Behavioral Health Network suggests parents use parental controls to filter websites and consider keeping screens in public areas of their home (and not allow screens behind closed doors).

Fentanyl

is a synthetic opioid. The pharmaceutical version is prescription-only, typically comes as a patch or a lozenge, and is prescribed to treat severe pain. The illegally made version comes in various forms, including as a liquid, powder, or pill. Fentanyl is often added to other drugs because it is so potent 鈥� it is 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine, according to the — which makes other drugs even more addictive and deadly. Liquid fentanyl has been found in nasal sprays, eye drops, and dropped onto paper resembling small pieces of candy. Powdered fentanyl looks like many other drugs, is often mixed with other drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and meth, and is often made to look like different drugs (including tiny blue and rainbow-colored pills).

Teens can buy it on social media sites like Snapchat and many eCommerce websites. The appeal is a potent euphoria, endangering teen pot users seeking a greater high. Not only is fentanyl potent, cheap, addictive, and widely available, it鈥檚 deadly. In the U.S., about 150 people die from fentanyl every day. Fatalities are escalating quickly, growing 1,000 percent from 2013 to 2019. , with teen overdose deaths tripling from 2019 to 2021.

Be on the lookout for the . Talk to your teen about the dangers of fentanyl and its street names: Apache, Dance Fever, Friend, Jackpot, Murder 8, China Girl, Tango & Cash, Goodfellas, King Ivory, and others. Let your teen know that you cannot see, smell, or taste it, so the best bet is to avoid drugs, unknown parties, and new 鈥渇riends鈥� who distribute drugs (even for 鈥渇ree鈥�). Another option is , which tend to be inexpensive and work in just 5 minutes.

Eating disorders

are increasing in teenagers, . Susan Gray, medical director of the University of Virginia Teen and Young Adult Health Center, says, 鈥淚n the last two years, the number of patients that we鈥檝e admitted to the hospital with serious eating disorders has doubled.鈥� More than half of 13-year-old girls are dissatisfied with their bodies — and the figure grows to 78 percent for 17-year-olds, according to . A primary reason for this spike is social media use. Teens compare themselves to Instagram models and other unattainable figures, resulting in crippling insecurity and body image issues. The consequences of eating disorders are alarming. In the U.S., , and up to 15 percent of young women (mostly white) have eating disorders. What can parents and family members do? The National Eating Disorders Association has a with advice on identifying risk factors, emotional and behavioral signs, tell-tale symptoms, and how to seek professional treatment, which is the best way to combat the mental and emotional components of eating disorders.

TikTok challenges

Your teenager probably watches TikTok, the in the world, especially in their age range. If you think TikTok is harmless, you need to understand it carries the , including increased risk of anxiety, depression, bullying, eating disorders, sleep deprivation, and more. But an additional risk are the 鈥溾�� that urge the platforms鈥檚 one billion viewers to do crazy, potentially self-harming activities. Sure, the Tide Pod challenge that went viral in 2017 is pretty much over, but since then there鈥檚 been a host of stupid and dangerous challenges to choke yourself or others, light parts of your body on fire, mess with outlets, snort various things, and more. There was the 2021 bone-breaking , the 2022 (sharply criticized by the FDA), the that killed a 15-year-old in New York City who was riding the J train when his head struck a metal beam, and the , which has resulted in stitches and scarring in multiple cases. It all sounds stupid, and it is. Talk to your teen about what drives teens to participate in these challenges and urge them to ignore the crippling, sickening dares. If that seems difficult for your teen, seek help for your child from a counselor or therapist.

Catfished by predators

Video chat site advertises itself as a 鈥済reat way to meet new friends.鈥� But insufficient moderation makes it a hotbed for perversion and crime. A November 2022 article in Mother Jones, 鈥溾�� describes how pedophiles use this platform and other social media sites to lure and exploit children, exposing them to porn, encouraging them to do sex acts, and even meet them in real life. A 鈥溾�� is a person who sets up false personal profiles to take advantage of others. They regularly manipulate teenagers into terrible situations. In Mississippi in December 2022, a sophomore boy was convinced by a catfish on Instagram to send a sex tape. The fraud then demanded $1,000 or they鈥檇 send the tape to all the boy鈥檚 friends and relatives. Panicked by this 鈥溾�� the boy committed suicide. Kidlox.com offers extensive advice on how to protect your loved ones from catfish. Primary tips: Monitor your child鈥檚 online activity, keep the lines of communication open, and reassure that no matter what you will be there for your teen.

Video gaming addiction

A shows teens spend 1 hour, 46 minutes each day playing video games. The average for teen boys is 2 hours, 19 minutes. Fortnite, League of Legends, World of Warcraft, Call of Duty, and Assassin鈥檚 Creed are some of the . Research has shown that video game addiction is correlated with depression, anxiety, ADHD, and autism. And if teens are having trouble self-limiting their time, school work and sleep can both suffer. What can parents and family members do? There are treatment centers and therapists who can offer , such as establishing time limits on how long your teen is allowed to play, encouraging other activities (like outings with friends), and observing game-free weekends once each month.